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春节期间如何做好儿童健康防护******

　　【抗疫中，我们众志成城53】

　　儿童是疫情防控的重点健康保障人群。临近春节，如何做好儿童的健康防护？日前，在国务院联防联控机制召开的新闻发布会上，北京儿童医院急诊科主任王荃提醒，春节期间，家长和儿童尽量不去人流聚集的地方，尽量少带或者不带低龄儿童参加聚餐、聚会。她还特别提醒，春节期间家长要注意交通安全，防止儿童跌落、烧烫伤等。

　　儿童感染新冠病毒以后，可能难以清楚表达症状，家长应该特别留意哪些情况？王荃揭示，家长首先要关注孩子的精神状态，如果发现孩子精神萎靡、嗜睡或者烦躁不安，甚至出现了呻吟，“可能还有部分孩子出现意识障碍甚至抽搐，这都是家长要警惕的”。

　　另外，当孩子呼吸频率明显加快，甚至出现了喘息、发憋或声音嘶哑，咳嗽起来声音是破的，或咳嗽起来像犬吠的声音，甚至出现发不出声音的情况，家长都需要格外关注，及时带孩子就医。

　　“对于小婴儿，在呼吸时出现了点头样的动作，甚至是耸肩样的动作，这都提示孩子有呼吸困难。”王荃说。

　　此外，家长还应该关注孩子是否有喂养困难、拒食、频繁呕吐、腹泻或者尿量减少等情况，体温在41摄氏度及以上、发烧超过3天、伴有新发皮疹等情况，要特别关注，及时就医。

　　春节将至，在旅途和返乡后，对于儿童防护应该注意什么？春节期间聚餐比较多，家长该怎么加强儿童防护呢？

　　对此，王荃建议尽量不要给孩子安排长途远行，“如果孩子生病了就不要带他出行”。

　　出行前，备好口罩和免洗的手消或者消毒湿巾。家长要了解目的地疫情流行和人员流动情况，“尽量不去人流聚集的地方，因为这会增加孩子感染的风险”。王荃说，“如果乘坐公共交通工具出行，建议途中做好家长个人和孩子的防护，规范佩戴口罩”。

　　对于低幼儿童，王荃表示，3岁以下的孩子不推荐常规佩戴口罩，如果可能的话要尽量保持安全社交距离，保持咳嗽、打喷嚏的卫生礼仪。对于他们的防护，要做好手卫生，“尽量避免孩子到处乱摸，尤其是摸了其他东西之后再摸眼、口、鼻的行为要杜绝”。

　　王荃介绍，春节期间常见的儿童伤害，主要包括道路交通伤害、烟花爆竹伤、烧烫伤、跌倒伤等情况。她特别提醒，“家长在车子启动前，一定要绕车一周，确保车子周围没有孩子，以免造成伤害。”家长带孩子乘车，要根据孩子的年龄、身高、体重配备合适的安全防护措施，包括安全座椅、增高坐垫或者安全带，并且给孩子规范配备。“这样可以大幅度降低孩子在道路安全伤害中所受到的损伤。”

　　跌落伤也是春节期间最常见的儿童伤害之一。王荃提醒说，春节期间走亲访友，不要把三个月以上的孩子单独留在没有护栏的床上、座椅上或者沙发上，以免发生跌落，窗户下和阳台上都不要堆放可供孩子攀爬的物品。她同时也提醒家长要注意防止烧烫伤、烟花爆竹伤等春节期间常见的儿童伤害。

　　(光明日报 记者 詹媛)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）